Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Morule-like features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: two case reports with targeted next-generation sequencing analysis: Yoo Jin Lee, Harim Oh, Eojin Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Yang Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):119-122. Published online November 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.09.30

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Morules, or morule-like features, can be identified in benign and malignant lesions in various organs. Morular features are unusual in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases with only 26 cases reported to date. Here, we describe two cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with morule-like features in Korean women. One patient had a non-mucinous-type adenocarcinoma in situ and the other had an acinarpredominant adenocarcinoma with a micropapillary component. Both patients showed multiple intra-alveolar, nodular, whorled proliferative foci composed of atypical spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the tumors. Results showed unusual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, which are associated with drug resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealing the importance of identifying morule-like features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the need for additional study, since there are few reported cases.

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Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in situ with morule - like components: A surgical case report
Mitsuteru Yosida, Mitsuru Tomita, Naoya Kawakita, Teruki Shimizu, Ryou Yamada, Hiromitsu Takizawa, Hisanori Uehara
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Clinicopathological, Radiological, and Molecular Features of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma with Morule-Like Components
Li-Li Wang, Li Ding, Peng Zhao, Jing-Jing Guan, Xiao-Bin Ji, Xiao-Li Zhou, Shi-Hong Shao, Yu-Wei Zou, Wei-Wei Fu, Dong-Liang Lin, Dong Pan
Disease Markers.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef

Brief Case Reports

Adenocarcinoma Arising in an Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma with HER2 Overexpression: Harim Oh, Eojin Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Yang Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim, Yoo Jin Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(6):403-406. Published online August 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.06.23

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Branchioma: immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 23 cases highlighting frequent loss of retinoblastoma 1 immunoexpression
Martina Bradová, Lester D. R. Thompson, Martin Hyrcza, Tomáš Vaněček, Petr Grossman, Michael Michal, Veronika Hájková, Touraj Taheri, Niels Rupp, David Suster, Sunil Lakhani, Dimitar Hadži Nikolov, Radim Žalud, Alena Skálová, Michal Michal, Abbas Agaimy
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Adenocarcinoma arising in branchioma with a KRAS and TP53 mutation
Natsuki Taniguchi, Akira Satou, Takanori Ito, Masato Nakaguro, Toyonori Tsuzuki
Pathology International.2023; 73(7): 317. CrossRef
Two Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymomas of Suprasternal Region of the Neck in A Single Patient: A Case Report
Wei WANG, Manmei LONG, Zhichao WANG
Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.2021; 3(1): 51. CrossRef

Human Papillomavirus–Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma with Late Recurrence: Bokyung Ahn, Eojin Kim, Harim Oh, Yang-Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim, Youngseok Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Yoo Jin Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):337-340. Published online April 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.04.02

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HPV-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Clinicoradiological Series of 3 Cases With Full Endoscopic Surgical Outcome
Catherine Beaumont, Sylvie Nadeau, Pierre-Olivier Champagne, Michel Beauchemin, Noémie Villemure-Poliquin
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma: A report of two patients and review of the literature
Satoru Miyamaru, Tetsuji Sanuki, Yusuke Miyamoto, Kohei Nishimoto, Masako Masuda, Yumi Honda, Yoshiki Mikami, Yorihisa Orita
Auris Nasus Larynx.2023; 50(3): 473. CrossRef
Malignant Sinonasal Tumors: Update on Histological and Clinical Management
Alessandra Bracigliano, Fabiana Tatangelo, Francesco Perri, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Roberto Tafuto, Alessandro Ottaiano, Ottavia Clemente, Maria Luisa Barretta, Nunzia Simona Losito, Mariachiara Santorsola, Salvatore Tafuto
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Human Papillomavirus-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma—An Even Broader Tumor Entity?
Mark Zupancic, Anders Näsman
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A Case of Human Papillomavirus-related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma Resected by Endonasal Endoscopic En Bloc Resection
Satoru Miyamaru, Yu Shimoda, Kohei Nishimoto, Hiroyuki Ueda, Masako Masuda, Taro Okazaki, Tetsuji Sanuki, Yumi Honda, Yoshiki Mikami, Yorihisa Orita
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Lester D.R. Thompson, James S. Lewis, Alena Skálová, Justin A. Bishop
Human Pathology.2020; 95: 1. CrossRef
HPV-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma: Four Cases that Expand the Morpho-Molecular Spectrum and Include Occupational Data
Niels J. Rupp, Ulrike Camenisch, Kati Seidl, Elisabeth J. Rushing, Nanina Anderegg, Martina A. Broglie, David Holzmann, Grégoire B. Morand
Head and Neck Pathology.2020; 14(3): 623. CrossRef

Case Study

Combined Adenosquamous and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Jiyoon Jung, Yang-Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim, Youngseok Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Dong-Sik Kim, Young-Dong Yu, Joo Young Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):121-125. Published online October 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.20

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Abstract PDF

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the gallbladder is extremely rare and usually combined with other type of malignancy, mostly adenocarcinoma. We report an unusual case of combined adenosquamous carcinoma and LCNEC of the gallbladder in a 54-year-old woman. A radical cholecystectomy specimen revealed a 4.3×4.0 cm polypoid mass in the fundus with infiltration of adjacent liver parenchyma. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of two distinct components. Adenosquamous carcinoma was predominant and abrupt transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was observed. LCNEC showed round cells with large, vesicular nuclei, abundant mitotic figures, and occasional pseudorosette formation. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. However, multiple liver metastases were identified at 3-month follow-up. Metastatic nodules were composed of LCNEC and squamous cell carcinoma components. Detecting LCNEC component is important in gallbladder cancer, because the tumor may require a different chemotherapy regimen and show early metastasis and poor prognosis.

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Comparison of Metastatic Patterns Among Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, and Nonneuroendocrine Carcinomas of Various Primary Organs
Hyung Kyu Park, Ghee Young Kwon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Man Jiang, Yijing Zhang
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2023; 19(4): 910. CrossRef
Primary mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report and literature review
Tingting Yu, Shike Li, Zhuo Zhang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(11): 2336. CrossRef
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm of the gallbladder: case report and literature review
Xu Ren, Hong Jiang, Kan Sun, Xufu Qin, Yongping Qu, Tian Xia, Yan Chen
Diagnostic Pathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 13 Patients and a Review of the Literature
Pengyan Wang, Jingci Chen, Ying Jiang, Congwei Jia, Junyi Pang, Shan Wang, Xiaoyan Chang, Oronzo Brunetti
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Gallbladder Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) Arising in Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of a Case and Review of the Literature
Amedeo Sciarra, Edoardo Missiaglia, Mounir Trimech, Emmanuel Melloul, Jean-Philippe Brouland, Christine Sempoux, Stefano La Rosa
Endocrine Pathology.2020; 31(1): 84. CrossRef
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder: case report
Adam Skalický, Lucie Vištejnová, Magdaléna Dubová, Tomáš Malkus, Tomáš Skalický, Ondřej Troup
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Case Report

Hyalinizing Cholecystitis and Associated Carcinoma: A Case Report: Youngjin Kang, Yang-Seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim, Youngseok Lee, Dong-Sik Kim, Young-Dong Yu, Joo Young Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(1):64-66. Published online April 4, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.11.04

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18F-FDG PET/CT in Hyalinized Cholecystitis
Esra Arslan, Aytül Hande Yardimci, Enver Yarikkaya, Göksel Alçin, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
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Gallbladder Carcinoma and Its Differential Diagnosis at MRI: What Radiologists Should Know
Camila Lopes Vendrami, Michael J. Magnetta, Pardeep K. Mittal, Courtney C. Moreno, Frank H. Miller
RadioGraphics.2021; 41(1): 78. CrossRef
A simple method for diagnosing gallbladder malignant tumors with subserosa invasion by endoscopic ultrasonography
Mitsuru Sugimoto, Hiroki Irie, Mika Takasumi, Minami Hashimoto, Yuka Oka, Tadayuki Takagi, Rei Suzuki, Naoki Konno, Hiroyuki Asama, Yuki Sato, Jun Nakamura, Tsunetaka Kato, Ryoichiro Kobashi, Yuko Hashimoto, Shigeru Marubashi, Takuto Hikichi, Hiromasa Ohi
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
KRONİK KOLESİSTİTİN NADİR VE MALİGNİTE POTANSİYELİ YÜKSEK OLAN ALT TİPİ; HYALİNİZE KOLESİSTİT: OLGU SUNUMU
Leymune PARLAK, Bahar MEMİŞ
Balıkesir Medical Journal.2019; 3(3): 129. CrossRef

Original Articles

Comparison of the Mismatch Repair System between Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancers Using Immunohistochemistry: Jiyoon Jung, Youngjin Kang, Yoo Jin Lee, Eojin Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Eunjung Lee, Joo Young Kim, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Chul Hwan Kim, Yang-Seok Chae; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):129-136. Published online February 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.12.09

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Abstract PDF

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Approximately 10%–15% of the CRC cases have defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Although the high level of microsatellite instability status is a predictor of favorable outcome in primary CRC, little is known about its frequency and importance in secondary CRC. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for MMR proteins (e.g., MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) has emerged as a useful technique to complement polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Methods: In this study, comparison between the MMR system of primary CRCs and paired liver and lung metastatic lesions was done using IHC and the correlation with clinical outcomes was also examined. Results: Based on IHC, 7/61 primary tumors (11.4%) showed deficient MMR systems, while 13/61 secondary tumors (21.3%) showed deficiencies. In total, 44 cases showed proficient expression in both the primary and metastatic lesions. Three cases showed deficiencies in both the primary and paired metastatic lesions. In 10 cases, proficient expression was found only in the primary lesions, and not in the corresponding metastatic lesions. In four cases, proficient expression was detected in the secondary tumor, but not in the primary tumor. Conclusions: Although each IHC result and the likely defective genes were not exactly matched between the primary and the metastatic tumors, identical results for primary and metastatic lesions were obtained in 77% of the cases (47/61). These data are in agreement with the previous microsatellite detection studies that used PCR and IHC.

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MMR profile and microsatellite instability status in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with synchronous metastasis: a new clue for the clinical practice
Paola Parente, Umberto Malapelle, Valentina Angerilli, Mariangela Balistreri, Sara Lonardi, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Caterina De Luca, Francesco Pepe, Gianluca Russo, Elena Vigliar, Angela Danza, Fabio Scaramuzzi, Giancarlo Troncone, Paolo Graziano, Matteo
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2023; 76(7): 492. CrossRef
Histomorphological and molecular genetic characterization of different intratumoral regions and matched metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal cancer with heterogenous mismatch repair protein expression
Jing Zhang, Xin Zhang, Qian Wang, Yu-yin Xu, Qian-lan Yao, Dan Huang, Wei-qi Sheng, Xiao-li Zhu, Xiao-yan Zhou, Qian-ming Bai
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(7): 3423. CrossRef
Intraindividual Tumor Heterogeneity of Mismatch Repair Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Qianpeng Huang, Tao Yu, Lei Li, Qi Zhang, Shiyao Zhang, Baosong Li, Xiaoping Li, Wanyi Xiao, Gang Liu
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology.2023; 31(2): 84. CrossRef
Patterns of DNA mismatch repair protein expression for primary and recurrent colorectal cancer at an advanced surgical unit: A retrospective audit
Charles Risbey, Timothy Fielder, Daniel Steffens, Joo‐Shik Shin, Michael Solomon
Colorectal Disease.2023; 25(3): 369. CrossRef
Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus: Genomic and Immunohistochemical Profiling with Comprehensive Clinicopathological Analysis of 17 Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution
Hyun-Hee Koh, Eunhyang Park, Hyun-Soo Kim
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Hao Chen, Chongya Zhai, Xian Xu, Haidong Wang, Weidong Han, Jiaying Shen
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Heterogeneity of Mismatch Repair Status and Microsatellite Instability between Primary Tumour and Metastasis and Its Implications for Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers
Camille Evrard, Stéphane Messina, David Sefrioui, Éric Frouin, Marie-Luce Auriault, Romain Chautard, Aziz Zaanan, Marion Jaffrelot, Christelle De La Fouchardière, Thomas Aparicio, Romain Coriat, Julie Godet, Christine Silvain, Violaine Randrian, Jean-Chri
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(8): 4427. CrossRef
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Dennis Lee Sacdalan, Reynaldo L Garcia, Michele H Diwa, Danielle Benedict Sacdalan
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Snehal B. Patel, Robert Bookstein, Navid Farahani, Myriam Chevarie-Davis, Andy Pao, Angela Aguiluz, Christian Riley, Jennelle C. Hodge, Serhan Alkan, Zhenqui Liu, Nan Deng, Jean R. Lopategui
Oncology and Therapy.2021; 9(2): 451. CrossRef
Evaluating Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability Status Using Cytology Effusion Specimens to Determine Eligibility for Immunotherapy
Elizabeth M. Jacobi, Gene Landon, Russell R. Broaddus, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
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Médecine de précision et immunoradiothérapie
C. Chargari, C. Robert, C. Genestie, E. Deutsch
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Orlando Rodas-Pernillo, Edith Oregón
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Japan Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion for the diagnosis and use of immunotherapy in patients with deficient DNA mismatch repair tumors, cooperated by Japanese Society of Medical Oncology, First Edition
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James Saller, Dahui Qin, Seth Felder, Domenico Coppola
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Should you repeat mismatch repair testing in cases of tumour recurrence? An evaluation of repeat mismatch repair testing by the use of immunohistochemistry in recurrent tumours of the gastrointestinal and gynaecological tracts
John J Aird, Michael J Steel, Christine Chow, Julie Ho, Robert Wolber, C Blake Gilks, Lynn N Hoang, David F Schaeffer
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Nozomi Karakuchi, Manabu Shimomura, Kazuhiro Toyota, Takao Hinoi, Hideki Yamamoto, Seiji Sadamoto, Koichi Mandai, Hiroyuki Egi, Hideki Ohdan, Tadateru Takahashi
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D.S. Bhullar, J. Barriuso, S. Mullamitha, M.P. Saunders, S.T. O'Dwyer, O. Aziz
EBioMedicine.2019; 40: 363. CrossRef
Identification of novel pathogenic MSH2 mutation and new DNA repair genes variants: investigation of a Tunisian Lynch syndrome family with discordant twins
Amira Jaballah-Gabteni, Haifa Tounsi, Maria Kabbage, Yosr Hamdi, Sahar Elouej, Ines Ben Ayed, Mouna Medhioub, Moufida Mahmoudi, Hamza Dallali, Hamza Yaiche, Nadia Ben Jemii, Afifa Maaloul, Najla Mezghani, Sonia Abdelhak, Lamine Hamzaoui, Mousaddak Azzouz,
Journal of Translational Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Zheng Wang, Xiaoli Tang, Xiaoqing Wu, Meiyuan Yang, Daorong Wang
Bioscience Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Heterogeneity of mismatch repair defect in colorectal cancer and its implications in clinical practice
Gaelle Tachon, Eric Frouin, Lucie Karayan-Tapon, Marie-Luce Auriault, Julie Godet, Valerie Moulin, Qing Wang, David Tougeron
European Journal of Cancer.2018; 95: 112. CrossRef
DNA mismatch repair in cancer
Marina Baretti, Dung T. Le
Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2018; 189: 45. CrossRef
Discordant loss of mismatch repair proteins in advanced endometrial endometrioid carcinoma compared to paired primary uterine tumors
Robert M. Ta, Jonathan L. Hecht, Douglas I. Lin
Gynecologic Oncology.2018; 151(3): 401. CrossRef
The CpG island methylator phenotype is concordant between primary colorectal carcinoma and matched distant metastases
Stacey A. Cohen, Ming Yu, Kelsey Baker, Mary Redman, Chen Wu, Tai J. Heinzerling, Ralph M. Wirtz, Elpida Charalambous, George Pentheroudakis, Vassiliki Kotoula, Konstantine T. Kalogeras, George Fountzilas, William M. Grady
Clinical Epigenetics.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Does Polymerase Chain Reaction of Tissue Specimens Aid in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis?: Yoo Jin Lee, Seojin Kim, Youngjin Kang, Jiyoon Jung, Eunjung Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Youngseok Lee, Yang-seok Chae, Chul Hwan Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(6):451-458. Published online October 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.08.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), but it is time-consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific method that can reduce the time required for diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR differs, so this study determined the actual sensitivity of TB-PCR in tissue specimens.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 574 cases. The results of the nested PCR of the IS6110 gene, mycobacterial culture, TB-specific antigen-induced interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and histological findings were evaluated.
Results
The positivity rates were 17.6% for PCR, 3.3% for the AFB stain, 22.2% for mycobacterial culture, and 55.4% for IGRA. PCR had a low sensitivity (51.1%) and a high specificity (86.3%) based on the culture results of other studies. The sensitivity was higher (65.5%) in cases with necrotizing granuloma but showed the highest sensitivity (66.7%) in those with necrosis only. The concordance rate between the methods indicated that PCR was the best method compared to mycobacterial culture, and the concordance rate increased for the methods using positive result for PCR or histologic features.
Conclusions
PCR of tissue specimens is a good alternative to detect tuberculosis, but it may not be as sensitive as previously suggested. Its reliability may also be influenced by some histological features. Our data showed a higher sensitivity when specimens contained necrosis, which indicated that only specimens with necrosis should be used for PCR to detect tuberculosis.

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Diagnostic Utility of Biplex/Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Infectious Granulomatous Dermatitis in North Indian Population
Mayur Parkhi, Mukin Kumar S, Dipankar De, Rakesh Yadav, Sunil Sethi, Bishan Dass Radotra, Uma Nahar Saikia
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2021; 43(8): 567. CrossRef
Reduction of turnaround time for non-tuberculous mycobacteria detection in heater–cooler units by propidium monoazide–real-time polymerase chain reaction
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Journal of Hospital Infection.2020; 104(3): 365. CrossRef
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V Mangayarkarasi, Sneka P, Sujith R, Jayaprakash Jayaprakash
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2019; 13(2): 1185. CrossRef
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Priyatam Khadka, Soniya Koirala, Januka Thapaliya
Dermatology Research and Practice.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
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Zhongquan Lv, Mingxin Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xinxin Lu
BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Primary Appendicular Tuberculosis
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Morphometric Analysis of Thyroid Follicular Cells with Atypia of Undetermined Significance: Youngjin Kang, Yoo Jin Lee, Jiyoon Jung, Youngseok Lee, Nam Hee Won, Yang Seok Chae; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):287-293. Published online June 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.04.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is a category that encompasses a heterogeneous group of thyroid aspiration cytology. It has been reclassified into two subgroups based on the cytomorphologic features: AUS with cytologic atypia and AUS with architectural atypia. The nuclear characteristics of AUS with cytologic atypia need to be clarified by comparing to those observed in Hashimoto thyroiditis and benign follicular lesions.
Methods
We selected 84 cases of AUS with histologic follow-up, 24 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and 26 cases of benign follicular lesions. We also subcategorized the AUS group according to the follow-up biopsy results into a papillary carcinoma group and a nodular hyperplasia group. The differences in morphometric parameters, including the nuclear areas and perimeters, were compared between these groups.
Results
The AUS group had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the Hashimoto thyroiditis group, but the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different. The AUS group also had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the benign follicular lesion group; however, the AUS group had significantly longer nuclear perimeters. The nuclear areas in the papillary carcinoma group were significantly smaller than those in the nodular hyperplasia group; however, the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different.
Conclusions
We found the AUS group to be a heterogeneous entity, including histologic follow-up diagnoses of papillary carcinoma and nodular hyperplasia. The AUS group showed significantly greater nuclear irregularities than the other two groups. Utilizing these features, nuclear morphometry could lead to improvements in the accuracy of the subjective diagnoses made with thyroid aspiration cytology.

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Meta-analysis on the utility of morphometry in the cytological differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms
Prema Saldanha
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Morphometric study in thyroid tumors
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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Hyunseo Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, Soon Won Hong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2018; 52(6): 404. CrossRef

Case Reports

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Extranodal Marginal Zone B cell Lymphoma with Abundant Plasma Cells and Eosinophilic Histiocytes in Parotid Gland.: Youngseok Lee, Jungsuk An, Yang Seok Chae, Bom Woo Yeom, Jong Sang Choi, Chul Hwan Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(2):165-169.

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Abstract PDF: The authors present the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cytologic findings of a case of extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZBCL), which featured abundant plasma cells and eosinophilic histiocytes arising in both parotid glands. A 49-year-old female presented with palpable masses in both parotid glands. She had been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The lesions were evaluated by FNAC and smears showed a small number of clusters of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and small nuclei, intermixed with small to medium-sized lymphoid cells containing round to lobulated nuclei, which suggested Warthin's tumor. Some of lymphoid cells had a plasmacytoid appearance, and some scattered large cells contained a large amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Bilateral superficial parotidectomy was performed and a histopathologic study indicated MZBCL with abundant plasma cells, intermixed with eosinophilic histiocytes. The presence of oncocytic cells and a mixture of lymphoid and plasma cells indicates Warthin's tumor, but the cytologic features of a relatively monotonous small to medium-sized lymphoid infiltrate suggest the possibility of MZBCL in the clinical setting of an FNAC study performed on a patient suffering from a connective tissue disease.

Gliosarcoma with Components of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma and Unclassifiable Spindle Cells: A Case Report.: Jung Woo Choi, Youngseok Lee, Jung Suk An, Nam Hee Won, Yong Gu Chung, Yang Seok Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):45-49.

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Abstract PDF: Gliosarcoma is a distinct disease entity that is characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation. The tumor in our case was a rare morphologic variant of gliosarcoma with components of anaplastic oligodendroglioma and unclassifiable spindle cells. Spindle cells showed CD34 and S-100 protein immunoreactivity, which was possibly related to peripheral nerve sheath differentiation. This unique feature has not been described previously and so this case expands the spectrum of possible divergent mesenchymal differentiation, and it lends support to pluripotential stem cells being the origin of this tumor.

Metastatic Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid to Breast; A Case Initially Diagnosed as Primary Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Case Report.: Youngseok Lee, Jungsuk An, Chul Hwan Kim, Bom Woo Yeom, Jong Sang Choi, Yang Seok Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(6):412-415.

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Abstract PDF: Metastasis to the breast from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare. We report a case of metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid which presented as multiple breast masses with ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in a 48-year-old woman. Six years ago, she underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection because of palpable neck masses, with a diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Histological features of breast masses showed single- file or linear-cord arrangements, with plasmacytoid appearance, and the initial diagnosis was invasive lobular carcinoma. She underwent modified radical mastectomy. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for E-cadherin, calcitonin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and were metastatic medullary carcinoma of thyroid. In the patients with a history of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, a careful examination is necessary for a breast mass composed of solid and cord-like clusters of small round to ovoid cells with plasmacytoid appearance. Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, calcitonin and TTF-1 could be helpful for differential diagnosis.

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